Texas State House Bill 11 - 1979 Words

Executive Summary Texas State House Bill 11, effective on September 1, 2015, requires the Hidalgo County Sheriff’s Office and the McAllen Police Department to jointly establish and operate the Texas Transnational Intelligence Center (TTIC). The TTIC will serve as a central repository of real-time information about criminal activity in counties along the Texas border with Mexico, and counties in which a federal checkpoint is located. The Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) is required to assist in the establishment and operation of the center. Each law enforcement agency in a county along the border, in a county that contains a federal checkpoint, the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission (TABC) and the Texas Park and Wildlife Department (TPWD) are required to submit information regarding criminal activity within their jurisdiction to the TTIC. The creation of the TTIC will permit law enforcement agencies along the border area with Mexico identify patterns that could reveal large, organized criminal organizations and operations. The TTIC is necessary because some, but not all, agencies furnish information to the existing Joint Operations Intelligence Centers (JOICs) due to way the JOICs are structured. Thus, the TTIC will provide law enforcement agencies, the Texas legislature, and the public, a more complete picture of criminal activity in the border region. The bill requires each Texas law enforcement agency to implement, by September 2019, an incident-based reportingShow MoreRelatedHistory And Timeline Of Texas877 Words   |  4 PagesNumerous bills have been proposed throughout the history and timeline of Texas. Though many bills have been introduced, only a few from the batch will proceed to the House and Senate committees for further speculation and debate. Bills do not instantly become laws over night. 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ThisRead MoreEssay on Texas Policy Report1242 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Immigration Reform Impacts at the State and Federal Levels GOVT 2306-21405 Fall 2013 Word Count: 1082 Texas has a reputation throughout history of differing views from the federal government in laws and politics pertaining to social, fiscal, and educational issues. On the whole, Texas operates as a largely conservative state. Because of this, policy-making is often right wing. With the institution of a Democratic, liberal president, the State’s dissent from the Federal governmentRead MoreThe Debate Over The State Of Texas Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesTexas has always been a very conservative state that focuses on protecting the freedoms given by the constitution to the people. However, there are some freedoms that have certainly been challenged as time passes by. 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The Texas Constitution, written in 1876, is the second longest state constitution in the nation (Texas GOVT 2306- Week 3 Texas Constitution). The first section of the wordy Constitution is the preamble, followed by sixteen articles divided into subsections. The

Narrative Descriptive Narrative Speech - 1072 Words

I could feel the anger burning inside.This was stressing me out. I could not get it. I had been working on my front walkover for days now. I already had my back walkover. But the front was giving me a rough time. I just had to keep trying though. Maybe if I kept trying I would get it. But as of now I am not sure I will ever get it. I kept working on it, and I kept falling to. Trying to get my front walkover was like when I was trying to get my backflip a few months ago. At first I could not get it and I struggled but I got it in a few days. Except with my front walkover I can not get it. In all the time I have been practicing I have not landed it once. I got ready to try it once more. I put my hands up, and stepped with my foot. I got†¦show more content†¦This was because I could not get my front walkover and she knew it. She also knew that I needed help, but I did not want help. I began to realize that I needed her help. A few minutes later the time came. â€Å" Can you help me?† I asked quietly, â€Å"Why?† She replied, â€Å"because I can land my front walkover,† I said angrily. â€Å"Sure,† she replied. This had made me feel a lot happier. Because now I might have a shot at landing it. Hailey began giving me tips on what I could do better. She also told me what I was doing wrong. She had told me lots. She was like a old person with lots of knowledge. I really liked the fact that she was helping me though so I did not care what she seemed like. She said that I need to straighten my legs and arms so I can have balance. I did both of these things and I got closer to landing it. At this point I was feeling much happier than earlier. I was regaining hope. I also felt more confident in myself now that I had help. I felt like I would soon succeed at it. I was getting a lot better. With Haileys help I am to the point where I can almost land it. I was feeling awesome. Especially now that I knew I had a shot at landing it. â€Å"Step slower. You are stepping to fast that is why you are landing on your knees,† she said kindly. â€Å"Okay,† I replied out of breath. I got in my position and got ready to start. This time when I started I had straight arms, straight legs, and straight body. I put my leg out getting ready to start. At this point IShow MoreRelatedExpository Writing : Writing, Expository, Persuasive, Descriptive, And Narrative757 Words   |  4 Pages Just like anything else, writing has different expressions. Writing is a form of communication; the person is writing to inform, persuade, describe, or tell a story. There are four main types of writing styles, expository, persuasive, descriptive, and narrative. We then choose what we want to read according to our interest in each category. Let’s look at expository writing. 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There are prose narratives, Ancient poetry and songs, legal writings (Law) and Prophetic revelations. Prose narratives: In spite of the designation, Torah, the Pentateuch is basically a prose narrative; a third-person descriptive account of early Israelite history interspersed with prayers, speeches and other types of direct discourse. Narrative examples are found in Genesis (cf. Abraham s intercessory prayer for Sodom Ââ€"Genesis 18:22-33), Exodus (cf. Yahweh s speech to Moses Ââ€"Exodus 3:7-12)Read MoreThe Sick Rose vs. London: a Poetic Comparison1225 Words   |  5 Pageswoe† in the passersby’s faces to blood running down the palace walls, and finally the harlots cursing in the street in order to give the reader a clear mental picture of what he is trying to get across. Similarly in Sick Rose Blake uses highly descriptive phrases, as the â€Å"invisible worm â€Å" and â€Å"howling storm† . 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Cases On Liabilities Undisclosed Principal â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cases On Liabilities Undisclosed Principal? Answer: Introducation The common law which rules over the relationship which is present between an agent and a principal is the agency law. As per this law, the principal is accountable and has the responsibility towards the third party for work which is done by the agent. This is due to the fact that the agent is the one who represents the principal when they communicate with the third party (Benett, 2014). So, a deal which is made with the agent is considered as one made by the third part with principal. The raison d'tre for holding the principal accounting is the requirement of protecting the third party due to the fact that third party is unaware of the level of authority which is granted to the agent or about the presence or absence or the kind of relationship which is present between a principal and an agent (Hynes, 2014). In Australia, there are two authorities under the common law of agency, and these are actual authority and ostensible/ apparent authority. Under the actual authority given to the agent, the agent is given either the express authority or the implied authority. In the express authority, the agent is told expressly what has to be done and what their authority is. In the implied authority, the authority is given in an implied manner, which is usually incidental to the express authority which has been granted to the agent (Cohen, 2017). The other form of authority which is given to the agents, and probably which attracts a lot of controversy is the ostensible authority. Under the ostensible authority, the conduct of the principal is such that the third party forms a notion that the agent has been given the particular authority to go forward with the task at hand. In short, the apparent authority is apparent through the conduct of the principal. The key point in this authority is that the agent is never given an express authority to do so and only the same is perceived to be present (Allen Kraakman, 2016). The leading case quoted for the purposes of making a case of ostensible authority can be found in the English case of Watteau v Fenwick [1893] 1 QB 346 (Deodhar, 2013). In this case, Watteau was the supplier of the cigars to a beer house and this place was operated by Humble. The sign of the business bore his name and even the license was in Humbles name. Watteau supplied the cigars to Humble and he was not aware of the involvement of Fenwick. Fenwick had never given the authority to Humble to act on his behalf. When the plaintiff was not paid the outstanding amount of 25 pounds, he brought a legal action against the defendant. The court gave the decision in this case in favour of the plaintiff and stated that Humble had the general authority to act on behalf of the defendant due to the display of name on board and on the license. Hence, the plaintiff was compensated for his outstanding payment pursuant to an order of the court by the defendant (H2O, 2013). To establish the presence of authority, the case of Freeman and Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd [1964] 2 QB 4 is amongst the well established cases. The post of director in this case was held by the company and a legal battle had been initiated with this cases plaintiff for the non payment of the architectural fee. The director of the company around whom the case was cantered had never been appointed at the post of managing director of the company but he always portrayed that he was indeed the managing director of the company. Furthermore, the directors of the company also held out the particular director as being the managing director of the company and nothing was done on part of the directors of the company to undo this portrayal. This knowledge of the directors led to the court holding the company accountable for paying the unpaid debts in terms of the architect fee and so, the plaintiff was paid the outstanding sum (Baidu, 2011). This case presented with it four different conditions which are required to be present for undertaking the acts by the agents based on apparent authority. Out of these four, only three are applicable on the Australian companies. In the first condition, the holding out condition is covered. Based on this condition, the representation has to be made through words or through the conduct of the principal, in front of a third party, in which the agent undertakes the words on behalf of the principal and where it is clearly shown that the agent had the requisite authority for entering into the contract in question or the transaction which was undertaken. Under this case, the second relevant condition was that this particular representation had to go from the company who was the holder of the actual authority for undertaking the transaction or for acting on behalf of the company. The last condition in is that the third party has to rely upon representation which was made by the agent when th e transaction in question was being undertaken (Krawitz, 2002). In line with the ruling of this case was the one given under Devren Pty Ltd v Old Coach Developments Pty Ltd and Ors[2015] QSC 53, in which Claires authority had been put under question. But the court had held that Claire had the required apparent authority even when he was not the director of the company and as a result of this, the company was liable for the acts which were done by Claire (Cooper Grace Ward, 2015). Application The facts which are given under the case study point towards Kevin being an agent, who was undertaking transactions on behalf of Mudkey. The reason for holding Mudkey as the agent was that he was appointed by the company as one, after they became aware about the business opportunity. Kevin would also be considered as having the required authority to contract on behalf of Mudkey as he has apparent and actual implied authority. The case of Watteau v Fenwick proves helpful in establishing the presence of actual implied authority. As was present in this case, Kevins name had been displayed prominently on the website of the company as he was holding the post of development manager and it was also shown that a leading role was being played by Kevin in the development of the business of Kevin. This implied that Kevin had the required authority for going forward with the business management and for placing the business service order. Hence, on the basis of the quoted case law, the implied au thority was present with Kevin; and as a result of this, the company has to take responsibility towards Anthony and would be liable for making the requisite payment. It is crucial that the three specific points which were raised in the case of Freeman and Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd, are applied here as these were particularly in the context of the Australian companies. Kevin was clearly being depicted as the agent of the company due to the prominent display of his name and the company holding out him as their agent. There was a representation which flowed from the website of the company to the third party. And the last condition s also fulfilled as reliance was made by Anthony on the presence of authority to act on behalf of the company with Kevin. This would mean that on the basis of apparent authority, Kevin has the relevant authority which would bind Mudkey for the undertaken actions by Kevin. The failure of business cannot be cited as an excuse for the absence of authority. The applicability of Devren Pty Ltd v Old Coach Developments Pty Ltd and Ors would further strengthen the case presented here and Mudkey would have t o go forward with making the payment. As Mudkey had done so, under the threat of legal action, they did the right thing and avoided a legal case from being made against them. To conclude, in this case, Kevin was the holder of both actual implied authority and apparent authority which would require Mudkey to be responsible for the transaction which took place between Anthony and Kevin. The scope of authority is something which is changed on the basis of the manner in which the agency is created, particularly the type of the authority which is given to the agents, as have been previously highlighted. Through this essay, an attempt has been made to show the manner in which this change occurs. The previous segment of this discussion highlighted that there are actual and ostensible authority as the two bifurcations of the agency law authority. In the actual authority, the mutual agreement between the principal and the agent gives rise to the authority and the existence of this authority is based on the particular facts of the case. The general rule is that the principal would be made liable for the acts of the agents only when these are done on the basis of the authority given to the agents and on the basis of the scope of this authority. When the agent crosses the boundary of the authority, given to them, the legal responsibility of the principal is ended, towards the third party. And when such a thing takes place, the agent is made personally liable for the acts done by them towards such a third party as the implied warranty of authority is breached by them (Cox Hazen, 2016). In TB Bright v Kerr [1939] SCR 63, the ratio stated that where the principal is to be made accountable for the actions undertaken by the agent till such period of time, where they act on the basis of the scope of authority given to them (Lexum, 2017). Hence, the express authority, where is crossed by the agent, would make the agent personally liable instead of the principal being made accountable for the agents work. When it comes to the case of implied authority, the work is undertaken by the agent, which is incidental or is necessary for the express authority to be properly executed. Hence, in implied authority, such task is done by the agent which is incidental to the express authority, for holding the principal liable (Fullan, 2014). Though, the game changes when the question of ostensible authority comes into play. This is because under ostensible authority, the principal is made legally responsible even when the agent has not been given the authority to work on their behalf. The reason for this is that under ostensible authority, the agent seems to have the authority which is needed for acting upon a particular transaction through the words or conduct of the principal and where the prudent individuals would form a view that the agent had the required authority for going forward with this task. Since the third party is made to believe that the requisite authority is present with the agent, even when the reality is different, there is a clear need to hold the principal liable (Owen, 2014). And an example of this could be inferred from the previous segment of this document. So, in case of ostensible authority, the principal would be liable even in absence of authority as a result of the doctrine of holding out, through which the principal is stopped from denying the presence of authority particularly due to the reliance of the third party on the representation made (Kelly, 2013). This can again be established through Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd [1967] 1 QB 549 case. Here also, the company was made legally liable for the actions which were undertaken by Richard as a result of the presence of requisite authority (Austlii, 2017). To conclude the discussion which had been undertaken through discussion, it becomes very clear that the scope of the authority is changed with the manner of agency creation. For instance, in express authority, the principal would not be liable for going beyond the express authority provided by them. And in case of ostensible authority, the principal is legally responsible even beyond the authority given to the agent. References Allen, W. T., Kraakman, R. (2016).Commentaries and cases on the law of business organization. The Netherlands: Wolters Kluwer law business. Austlii. (2017). HELY-HUTCHINSON v. BRAYHEAD LTD. Retrieved from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/SydLRev/1969/8.pdf Baidu. (2011). Freeman Lockyer v. Buckhurst Park Properties. Retrieved from: https://wenku.baidu.com/view/4f0019ec5ef7ba0d4a733b93 Bennett, H. (2014). Principles of the Law of Agency. Portland: Hart Publishing. Cohen, G. M. (2017). Business Law and Economics of Agency and Partnership.The Oxford Handbook of Law and Economics: Volume 2: Private and Commercial Law, 399. Cooper Grace Ward. (2015). Companies and perils of ostensible authority: the danger of paying money to a third party and not to the creditor. Retrieved from: https://www.cgw.com.au/publication/companies-and-perils-of-ostensible-authority-the-danger-of-paying-money-to-a-third-party-and-not-to-the-creditor/ Cox, J., Hazen, T. (2016).Business organizations law. St Paul, MN: West Academic. Deodhar, R.P. (2013). Common Law Cases on Liabilities of Undisclosed Principal. Retrieved from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2195467 Fullan, M. (2014).The principal: Three keys to maximizing impact. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. H2O. (2013). Watteau v. Fenwick. Retrieved from: https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/cases/2442 Hynes, J. D. (2014).Agency, partnership, and the LLC: the law of unincorporated business enterprises: selected statutes and form agreements. New Providence, NJ: LexisNexis. Kelly, C. (2013). Reconciling the Irreconcilable: Ostensible Authority after Kelly v Fraser.King's Inns Student L. Rev.,3, 1. Krawitz, A. (2002). Protecting Outsiders to Corporate Contracts in Australia. Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law, 9(3). Lexum. (2017). T.G. Bright Co. Ltd. v. Kerr. Retrieved from: https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/3580/index.do Owen, D. (2014).Products Liability Law, 3d (Hornbook Series). St Paul, MN: West Academic.